This series that I have entitled “Who Built the Railroads?” focuses on the laborers who built the transcontinental railroad in the United States and the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia. Goodwin, Neil, prod. Le Président Abraham Lincoln signa le 1er juillet 1862, le Pacific Railway Act, lequel autorisait le Central Pacific Railroad et l'Union Pacific Railroad à construire un chemin de fer vers l'Océan Pacifique[1]. The work was largely done manually with picks, shovels, and wheelbarrows. Notes that estimates of rate of return for the railroad developers using government funds range from 71 % to 200 %, while estimates of private rates of return range from 15 % to 25 %. [8], The years 1866 and 1867 were extremely difficult for Chinese immigrants in general, and specifically the laborers on the Central Pacific line. L'exploitation des lignes de la compagnie est affermée à la puissante Southern Pacific Company le 1er avril 1885. Mercer, Lloyd J. David Haward Bain, Empire Express: Building the First Transcontinental Railroad (2000). I will never give away, trade or sell your email address. Après le vote de l'amendement pour le Pacific Railroad Act, la compagnie prit le nom de "Central Pacific Railroad of California" le 8 octobre 1864. Regarding Chinese-white relations, former railroad worker Lee Chew commented that Chinese were “persecuted not for their vices but for their virtues. "Land Grants to American Railroads: Social Cost or Social Benefit?" The Chinese employed their own cooks and ate more balanced meals than whites, whose daily intake consisted of salted beef, bread, potatoes, and coffee. Due to the political influence exerted by the railroad, the United States government was working to make Chinese immigration easier. The turbulence did not inhibit the immigration of other Chinese to the American West. The Central Pacific Railroad was a rail route between California and Utah built eastwards from the West Coast in the 1860s, to complete the western part of the "First Transcontinental Railroad" in North America. Nevertheless, it is contended that the policy of subsidizing those railroad systems was beneficial for society since the social rate of return from the project was substantial and exceeded the private rate by a significant margin. Calculations thus prove higher levels of exploitation of the Chinese than in previous studies. The Chinese often had “a supply of opium, a rack of pipes and ‘yen she grow’ scraper tools,” though these were not strictly permitted. "Chinese Laborers and the Construction of the Central Pacific." CENTRAL PACIFIC–UNION PACIFIC RACECENTRAL PACIFIC–UNION PACIFIC RACE, a construction contest between the two railroad companies bidding for government subsidies, land grants, and public favor. By setting different wages for whites and Chinese - each having different elasticities of supply - and using Chinese in the menial and dangerous jobs, with whites in the better positions, the two groups were complementary rather than interchangeable. La dernière section du transcontinental, d'Ogden à Promontory Summit, appartenait initialement à l'Union Pacific. After the railroad was built, it took about seven days and as little as $65 to ride from New York to San Francisco. “Joss-house.”. The Central Pacific began its work in Sacramento, California, working its way eastward. [3] However, the idea had merit and proved successful. Several hundred more were lost to avalanches and blizzards between Cisco and Truckee, California. [9], Inclement weather was not the extent of adversity the Chinese immigrants faced. 1863–1869: Union Pacific built west (blue line), Central Pacific built east (red line) and Western Pacific built the last leg (green line) to complete the railroad. In 1861, President Lincoln and Congress agreed to finance a transcontinental railroad via government bonds despite the recently commenced Civil War. Edited by yumdrea [10/18/2014 6:16:29 AM], Confirmed by yumdrea [10/18/2014 6:16:30 AM] Get an … ISSN 0022-0507 Fulltext in JSTOR. It posted advertisements for jobs with high wages in post offices throughout California, but only 800 men responded. UPRR remained under partial federal control until the 1890s. Union Pacific Railroad Company, company that extended the American railway system to the Pacific Coast; it was incorporated by an act of the U.S. Congress on July 1, 1862. Many considered a railroad running through the nation's interior to be the key to westward expansion and the future of the country. Le 30 juin 1888, le CPRR fut listé comme filiale non exploitante. The Central Pacific Railroad was first built in Sacramento, California. Elle est rachetée à cette dernière par la Central Pacific le 17 novembre 1869. Stanford fut nommé président, Huntington vice-président, et Hopkins trésorier. The planning for the railroad was completed by Theodore Judah and it was financed by Sacramento businessmen Leland Stanford, Collis Huntington, Mark Hopkins and Charles Crocker. Most of the laborers who built the Central Pacific Railroad were immigrants from China. Most were sons of fishermen, laborers, and small farmers. Question. Participants threw “rocks and filth” at the Chinese they encountered. La construction de la ligne fut confiée à la société de Charles Crocker, et le 1er coup de pioche fut donné le 8 janvier 1863 à Sacramento. It is estimated that 12000 such workers were employed which was 90 percent of the total work force. En l'espace d'un an ce système fut adopté par 200 villes de plus de 10 000 habitants. It passed through several towns and cities including Sacramento, Omaha and then through Nebraska. 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