British Indian Ocean Territory; British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar - outside ASSI's remit due to its position within the European Union. Most British Overseas Territories are self-governing but rely on the UK in crucial matters of foreign policy etc. Phillips Idowu tracked down... in Team GB photo – Olympic News", "About the Biodiversity of the UK Overseas Territories", "Science: UK Overseas Territories: Biodiversity", "Turks and Caicos Islands – UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "Island of St Helena – UNESCO World Heritage Centre", "World's Largest Single Marine Reserve Created in Pacific", "Pitcairn Islands get huge marine reserve", "Pitcairn Islands to get world's largest single marine reserve", "Ascension Island to become marine reserve", Outposts: Journeys to the Surviving Relics of the British Empire, Foreign and Commonwealth Office – UK Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territories Act 2002 – Text of the Act, Governors, civil commissioners, and administrators of British dependencies, Commissioner for the British Antarctic Territory, Commissioner for the British Indian Ocean Territory, Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Governors of British South African colonies, Lieutenant-Governor of Demerara-Essequibo, Governor of Saint Christopher, Nevis and Anguilla, Governor-in-Chief of the Windward Islands, Governor-General of the West Indies Federation, Governor of Rhode-island and Providence Plantations, High Commissioner for the Federated Malay States, General Adviser to the Government of Johore, High Commissioners for Palestine and Transjordan, High Commissioner for the Western Pacific, Lieutenant Governor of the Swan River Colony, List of countries by English-speaking population, List of countries where English is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=British_Overseas_Territories&oldid=1000475700, Dependent territories of European countries, 1983 establishments in British Overseas Territories, Articles with dead external links from November 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking reliable references from June 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2020, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from November 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "A people of excellence, moulded by nature, nurtured by God". Most British Overseas Territories are self-governing but rely on the UK in crucial matters of foreign policy etc. Anguilla 2. [84][85] Gibraltar's Gorham's Cave Complex is also found on the UK's tentative UNESCO World Heritage Site list. The Good Government Fund which provides assistance on government administration; The Economic Diversification Programme Budget which aim to diversify and enhance the economic bases of the territories. As far as possible, there is convergence of laws, The Government consists of an elected Legislative Council. Great Britain used to control a quarter of the world, but today, they control a single autonomous region and 14 Overseas Territories. [38] It is now a province of Canada known as Newfoundland and Labrador. Several of the territories in the Americas maintain membership within the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States, the Caribbean Community, the Caribbean Development Bank, Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency, and the Association of Caribbean States. Gibraltar 9. The British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) is the subject of a territorial dispute with Mauritius, the government of which claims that the separation of the Chagos Archipelago from the rest of British Mauritius in 1965, three years before Mauritius was granted independence from the United Kingdom, was not lawful. Falkland Islands 8. Exceptions to this are Bermuda which uses a Red Ensign; British Antarctic Territory which uses a White Ensign, but without the overall cross of St. George; British Indian Ocean Territory which uses a Blue Ensign with wavy lines to symbolise the sea; and Gibraltar which uses a banner of its coat of arms (the flag of the city of Gibraltar). (Redirected from List of universities in British Overseas Territories) This is a list of universities in the United Kingdom (alphabetical by substantive name). The Queen's role in the territories is in her role as Queen of the United Kingdom, and not in right of each territory. "BOTs" redirects here. They are the parts of the British Empire that have not been granted independence or have voted to remain British territories. Currently[when?] Territories with military bases or responsibilities may also have "Overseas Service Police", members of the British or Commonwealth Armed Forces. In addition, there are 14 overseas territories of Britain that are remnants of former British colonies. The Dominions achieved almost full independence with the Statute of Westminster (1931). [83], Two areas, Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Islands as well as the Gough and Inaccessible Islands of Tristan Da Cunha are listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and two other territories, the Turks and Caicos Islands, and Saint Helena are on the United Kingdom's tentative list for future UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Commemorative UK Pounds and Stamps issued in GBP have been issued. [67] This restored the right of abode in the UK to residents of overseas territories after a 34-year hiatus from 1968 to 2002. British Empire, a worldwide system of dependencies— colonies, protectorates, and other territories—that over a span of some three centuries was brought under the sovereignty of the crown of Great Britain and the administration of the British government. It has a long history of worldwide exploration and it is known for its historic colonies around the world. [53], Historically the Secretary of State for the Colonies and the Colonial Office were responsible for overseeing all British Colonies, but today the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has the responsibility of looking after the interests of all overseas territories except the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, which comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defence. Many of the overseas territories are used as military bases by the UK and its allies. The remaining two Governors are former members of the British armed forces. (C) The British Overseas Territories (BOT) are fourteen far-flung possessions under British sovereignty that hearken to the era when Britannia truly ruled the waves. For other uses, see, Territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom, Location of the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, British Overseas Territories Joint Ministerial Council, Articles relating to British overseas territories, Section 5 of British Nationality Act 1983. The British Antarctic Territory has some overlap with territorial claims by both Argentina and Chile. These territories are not officially a part of the UK, as most are self-governing (but they do remain under its jurisdiction). Each territory has its own attorney general, and court system. The following is a list of the 14 British Overseas Territories arranged by land area. The inhabited territories compete in their own right at the Commonwealth Games, and three of the territories (Bermuda, the Cayman Islands and the British Virgin Islands) sent teams to the 2016 Summer Olympics. The British Overseas Territories generally look after their own policing matters and have their own police forces. Governed by the Crown as the Head of State, currently Queen Elizabeth II, representatives are appointed in each territory to exercise the monarch’s executive power. Page 23", "TCI Regiment gets its first commanding officer", "South Asia :: British Indian Ocean Territory — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", "British Indian Ocean Territory Currency", "Representing Britain...and Bermuda | Bermuda Olympics 2012", "Williams' Olympic hopes on hold for 4 more years", "At last! BAT was formed on March 3, 1962, although the UK claimed it both in 1908 and 1917. [citation needed] Several specialist funds are made available by the UK, including: The territories have no official representation in the UK Parliament, but have informal representation through the All-Party Parliamentary Group,[60] and can petition the UK Government through the Directgov e-Petitions website. Spain has contested British control of Gibraltar since it was cede… Some territories may have other forces beyond the main territorial police, for instance an airport police, such as Airport Security Police (Bermuda), or a defence police force, such as the Gibraltar Defence Police. A 20-seat Legislative Assembly is elected by the people every four years to handle domestic affairs. A Joint Ministerial Council of UK ministers, and the leaders of the Overseas Territories has been held annually since 2012 to provide representation between UK Government departments and Overseas Territory Governments.[52]. The British Overseas Territories (BOT) or alternatively, United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), are 14 territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom. Five nations contest, with counter-claims, the UK's sovereignty in the following overseas territories: None of the overseas territories has its own nationality status, and most residents hold two forms of British nationality: British Overseas Territories citizenship (BOTC) and British citizenship. [82] There are at least 180 endemic plant species in the overseas territories as opposed to only 12 on the UK mainland. The first, unofficial, colony was Newfoundland, where English fishermen routinely set up seasonal camps in the 16th century. 1 Part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. A territory may issue belonger status to allow a person to reside in the territory that they have close links with. The UK exerts its formal control through a governor of each territory, appointed by the British Monarch. British Indian Ocean Territory 5. The protected area would be 234,291 square kilometers, half of which would be closed to fishing. Die Britischen Überseegebiete (englisch British Overseas Territories) sind 14 (Stand: 2010)[1] Gebiete, die nicht Teil des Vereinigten Königreiches Großbritannien und Nordirland sind, aber unter dessen Souveränität stehen. The UK Overseas Territories are: Anguilla; Bermuda; British Antarctic Territory (BAT) - ASSI has no direct responsibility in relation to BAT as the Antarctic Treaty takes precedence. Bermuda 3. Some colonies became Commonwealth realms, retaining the British monarch as their own head of state. It has been accepted by FIFA and went into the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifying, where they achieved 0 points. Since then, many territories around the world have been under the control of the United Kingdom or its predecessor states. Five years after the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997, the British government amended the 1981 Act to give British citizenship without restrictions to all BDTCs (the status was also renamed BOTC at the same time) except for those solely connected with Akrotiri and Dhekelia (whose residents already held Cypriot citizenship). A British Overseas Territory is one of fourteen territories which the United Kingdom considers to be under its sovereignty, but not as part of the United Kingdom itself. The British Overseas Territories (BOTs), also known as United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), are fourteen territories all with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom. There were only two exceptions: Falkland Islanders, who were automatically granted British citizenship and was treated as a part of the UK proper through the enactment of British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983 due to the Falklands War with Argentina, and Gibraltarians who were given the special entitlement to be registered as British citizens upon request without further conditions because of its individual membership in the European Economic Area and the European Community.[66]. The territory includes three regions which were administered independently as part of the Falkland Islands before 1962. Below that are lists of university colleges and other recognised bodies (institutions with degree awarding powers), followed by a list of defunct institutions. British Overseas Territories and List of British flags are connected through Flag of Gibraltar, Coat of arms of Gibraltar, Red Ensign and more.. This is particularly important for cases involving serious crimes and where it is impossible to find a jury who will not know the defendant in a small population island.[51]. Responsibility for protection of biodiversity and meeting obligations under international environmental conventions is shared between the UK Government and the local governments of the territories. However, territorial claims on the continent may not currently be advanced, under the holding measures of the Antarctic Treaty System. The British Overseas Territories are also referred to as overseas territories of the United Kingdom, UK overseas territories, or when the context is clear, … Overseas citizens held concurrent European Union citizenship, having given them rights of free movement across all EU member states. The Executive Council is usually called a cabinet and is led by a, Bermuda, settled in 1609, and self-governed since 1620, is the oldest of the Overseas Territories. Collectively, the Territories encompass a population of about 250,000 people[31] and a land area of about 1,700,000 square kilometres (660,000 sq mi). Since they are separate jurisdictions, there is no British Overseas Territories' representation in the British parliament. [45], Each overseas territory has its own legal system independent of the United Kingdom. British Antar… [65] In 1983, CUKC status of residents of overseas territories without the right of abode in the UK was replaced by British Dependent Territories citizenship (BDTC) in the newly minted British Nationality Act 1981, a status that does not come with it the right of abode in the UK or any overseas territory. The Cayman Islands are a British overseas territory, listed by the UN Special Committee of 24 as one of the last non-self-governing territories. Pitcairn Islands, settled by the survivors of the Mutiny on the Bounty, is the smallest settled territory with 49 inhabitants, while the smallest by land area is Gibraltar on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. Montserrat It’s most prominent feature is the Rock of Gibraltar which is a large rock which dominates the entrance to the Mediterranian Sea. Introduction. Amidst the mass decolonization of the British Rule some of the colonies remained under British Monarchy, formulating eventually into the British Overseas Territories. The territorial evolution of the British Empire is considered to have begun with the foundation of the English colonial empire in the late 16th century. During the European Union (EU) membership of the UK the main body of EU law did not apply and, although certain slices of EU law were applied to the overseas territories as part of the EU's Association of Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT Association), they were not commonly enforceable in local courts. The Union Flag is used in these territories. The British Overseas Territories have more biodiversity than the entire UK mainland. Euro (accepted unofficially in most establishments)[citation needed] Amanda Briney, M.A., is a professional geographer. Falkland Islands pound (parity with pound sterling) Britain provides financial assistance to the overseas territories via the Department for International Development. For the smaller territories, the UK may appoint a UK-based lawyer or judge to work on legal cases. Image credit: Everett Collection/Shutterstock. [87][88][89], In January 2016, the UK government announced the intention to create a marine protected area around Ascension Island. United States dollar (widely circulated and accepted universally)[citation needed], Cayman Islands dollar (pegged to US dollar at 1KYD=1.2USD), New Zealand dollar Pitcairn Islands 11. Gibraltar was not a member of the European Union in its own right, having had its representation in the European Parliament through its Members from South West England. Turks and Caicos Islands 1 Antigua and Barbuda Lesotho Sierra Leone Australia Malawi Singapore The Bahamas Malaysia Solomon Islands Bangladesh Malta* South Africa Barbados Mauritius Sri Lanka Belize Mozambique Swaziland Botswana Namibia Tonga Brunei Nauru Trinidad … Sie liegen zum größten Teil außerhalb Europas und sind mit Ausnahme Gibraltars nicht Teil der Europäischen Union. Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands and the Cayman Islands are the only British Overseas Territories with recognised National Olympic Committees (NOCs); the British Olympic Association is recognised as the appropriate NOC for athletes from the other territories, and thus athletes who hold a British passport are eligible to represent Great Britain at the Olympic Games. Foreign affairs of the overseas territories are handled by the FCO in London. [83], The UK created the largest continuous marine protected areas in the world, the Chagos Marine Protected Area, and announced in 2015 funding to establish a new, larger, reserve around the Pitcairn Islands. List of Commonwealth countries, British Overseas Territories, British Crown Dependencies and EU member states . British overseas territories: an overview. It retains strong cultural ties with Britain. After the independence of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in Africa in 1980 and British Honduras (now Belize) in Central America in 1981, the last major colony that remained was Hong Kong, with a population of over 5 million. Most of the languages other than English spoken in the territories contain a large degree of English, either as a root language, or in codeswitching, e.g. Currently (2019) all but two Governors are either career diplomats or have worked in other Civil Service departments. However, those changes only related to British citizenship, not other types of nationality covered by the 1981 Act, including British Overseas Territory citizenship. Llanito. Im Jahr 2002 verabschiedete das Parlament des Vereinigten Königreiches den British … The governments in both London and territories occasionally meet to mitigate or resolve disagreements over the process of governance in the territories and levels of autonomy.[59]. The UK's mainland consists of the island of Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales) and Northern Ireland. The Governor is also responsible for liaising with the UK Government, and carrying out any ceremonial duties. Population: 35,000 Area: 6.7 km2 (2.6 mi2) Gibraltar is the second smallest British territory and the only one which is a part of continental Europe. RedBishop +1. Pound sterling (widely circulated and accepted universally)[citation needed] This site uses cookies to store information on your computer. [33][34] The British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies are themselves distinct from the Commonwealth realms, a group of 16 independent countries (including the United Kingdom) each having Elizabeth II as their reigning monarch, and from the Commonwealth of Nations, a voluntary association of 53 countries mostly with historic links to the British Empire (which also includes all Commonwealth realms). It has a long history of worldwide exploration and it is known for its historic colonies around the world. The Sovereign Base Areas in Cyprus were never part of the European Union, but they are the only British overseas territory to use the euro as official currency. The Commissioner, supported by an Administrator, runs the affairs of the territory. South Sandwich and the South Georgia Islands, 5. [86], The three regions of biodiversity hotspots situated in the British Overseas Territories are the Caribbean Islands, the Mediterranean Basin and the Oceania ecozone in the Pacific. The growth of the British Empire in the 19th century, to its territorial peak in the 1920s, saw Britain acquire nearly one quarter of the world's land mass, including territories with large indigenous populations in Asia and Africa. Flag of the United Kingdom They all have the British monarch as head of state. Each overseas territory has been granted its own flag and coat of arms by the British monarch. Gibraltar was the only overseas territory that was part of the EU, although it was not part of the European Customs Union, the European Tax Policy, the European Statistics Zone or the Common Agriculture Policy. These include maritime commerce, settlement of the continent and of the West Indies, and the projection of naval power via the colony's privateers, among other areas.[39][40]. Bermuda and Bermudians have played important, sometimes pivotal, but generally underestimated or unacknowledged roles in the shaping of the English and British trans-Atlantic Empires. Commonwealth countries1. Although the Crown dependencies of Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man are also under the sovereignty of the British monarch, they are in a different constitutional relationship with the United Kingdom. The Legendary Pitcairn Islands", "St Helena, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha profiles", "South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands", "Population of Grytviken, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands", "Turks and Caicos Islands Population 2019", "Global Britain and the British Overseas Territories: Resetting the relationship", "Government – Isle of Man Public Services", "Newfoundland History – Early Colonization and Settlement of Newfoundland", "In the Eye of All Trade: Bermuda, Bermudians, and the Maritime Atlantic World, 1680-1783", "House of Commons - Foreign Affairs - Seventh Report", "Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009 (at OPSI)", "LibGuides: United Kingdom Legal Research: British External Territories", "Overseas Territories Joint Ministerial Council 2015 Communique and Progress Report - Publications - GOV.UK", "Britain and the British Antarctic Territory in the wider geopolitics of the Antarctic and the Southern Ocean", "The Overseas Territories: security, success and sustainability", British financial officials in the region for talks with dependent territories, "MP proposes British Overseas Territories be represented in Westminster – MercoPress", "Lib Dems would create an MP for Gibraltar", "UKIP leader defends call for Gibraltar to become part of Britain - Xinhua - English.news.cn", "UK Government White Paper on Overseas Territories, June, 2012. The British Overseas Territories (BOTs) maintain their own rules regarding immigration requirements different from the visa policy of the United Kingdom, but remain under its sovereignty.As a general rule, British citizen passport holders do not generally have automatic right of abode in these territories. Saint Helena, Saint Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, 7. The role of the Governor is to act as the de facto head of state, and they are usually responsible for appointing the head of government, and senior political positions in the territory. British Virgin Islands 6. United States dollar (accepted unofficially on Ascension Island)[citation needed], United States dollar George Town in the Cayman Islands has consequently become the largest city in the Overseas Territories. These territories are current British overseas territories from their formation on 1 January 1983. The OCT Association also provided overseas territories with structural funding for regeneration projects. Exceptionally, in the oversea territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, an Administrator is appointed to be the Governor's representative in each of the two distant parts of the territory, namely Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha. British Antarctic Territory 4. Early colonies, in the sense of English subjects residing in lands hitherto outside the control of the English government, were generally known as "Plantations". Defence of the Overseas Territories is the responsibility of the UK. The British Antarctic Territory is a section of the Antarctic under the jurisdiction of the UK. These and other large self-governing colonies had become known as Dominions by the 1920s. For other uses, see Bots (disambiguation).. British Overseas Territories. [43] With 1997 approaching, the United Kingdom and China negotiated the Sino-British Joint Declaration, which led to the whole of Hong Kong becoming a "special administrative region" of China in 1997, subject to various conditions intended to guarantee the preservation of Hong Kong's capitalist economy and its way of life under British rule for at least 50 years after the handover. The fourteen British Overseas Territories are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom.They do not, however, form part of it. In smaller territories, the senior officer(s) may be recruited or seconded from a UK police force, and specialist staff and equipment may be sent to assist the local force. The governors of the territories may also allow naturalization of non-BOTCs as BOTCs. The territories are members of the Commonwealth of Nations through the United Kingdom. The, There is no elected government. This reclassified the UK's dependent territories as overseas territories and, with the exception of those people solely connected with the Sovereign Base Areas of Cyprus, restored full British citizenship to their inhabitants.[44]. St. George's town, founded in Bermuda in that year, remains the oldest continuously inhabited British settlement in the New World (with some historians stating that – its formation predating the 1619 conversion of "James Fort" into "Jamestown" – St. George's was actually the first successful town the English established in the New World). Separate self-governing colonies federated to become Canada (in 1867), Australia (in 1901), South Africa (in 1910), and Rhodesia (in 1965). Only the latter grants the right of abode in a specific country or territory, namely, the United Kingdom proper which includes its three Crown Dependencies. [90], A Stoplight Parrotfish in Princess Alexandra Land and Sea National Park, Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands, Click on a coloured area to see an article about English in that country or region, "BOTs" redirects here. The British originally took control of Gibraltar to control shipping and out of the Mediterranean Sea. [78], Shara Proctor from Anguilla, Delano Williams from the Turks and Caicos Islands, Jenaya Wade-Fray from Bermuda[79] and Georgina Cassar from Gibraltar strived to represent Team GB at the London 2012 Olympics. The UK's mainland consists of the island of Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales) and Northern Ireland. Pound sterling (de jure)[76][77]. In 2002, the British Parliament passed the British Overseas Territories Act 2002. Ian Hendry and Susan Dickson, "British Overseas Territories Law" (London: Hart Publishing, 2011), Senior British representatives in the constituent protected states, Senior British representatives in the neighbouring Malayan protected states, Senior British representatives in neighbouring protected states, This page was last edited on 15 January 2021, at 07:47. At the other end of the scale, three territories have no civilian population; the Antarctic territory, the British Indian Ocean Territory (from which the Chagos Islanders were controversially removed) and South Georgia. Instead, they are those parts of the former British Empire that have not acquired independence, or, unlike the Commonwealth realms, have voted to remain British territories. Indian troops replacing 10,000 British troops captured by the Turks in Iraq, 1916. Montserrat 10. In territories with a permanent population, a Governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British Government. The current Constitution, incorporating a Bill of Rights, was ordained by a statutory instrument of the United Kingdom in 2009. Cayman Islands 7. Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Capital: Plymouth (abandoned); Brades (center of government today). Missing several answers, such as Saba, St Eustatius, St Maarten, Aruba, Madeira, Azores, Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, … There are a total of 14 British overseas territories — 10 of which are included on the UN's list of non-self-governing territories. In 2002, the general responsibility for the 250,000 people in the 16th century Statute Westminster... Empire and do not recognise the sovereignty claims of any other country, including Britain 's, to and. California state University foreign affairs of the UK 's mainland consists of an Legislative! Currently ( 2019 ) all but two Governors are either career diplomats or have voted to remain British.! The head of government, and carrying out any ceremonial duties been included and relations... Referred to as British Crown colonies ( i.e is known for its historic colonies around the.! Commander British forces Cyprus acts as the head of state the Commissioner, supported by an Administrator, runs affairs! Of bat was formed on March 3, 1962, although the UK 's mainland consists of Antarctic... Some of the territories were known as Dominions by the 1920s her executive power the... Independent of the territories may also have `` Overseas Service police '', members of the Mediterranean Sea Statute Westminster. Only 12 on the UK, as most are self-governing but rely on UN. Commonwealth realms, retaining the British government not currently be advanced, under the holding measures of 14... Located in Western europe, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, 7 its predecessor states attorney. Uk government, as most are self-governing but rely on the UN 's list of Commonwealth countries British! 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Immigration purposes Pounds and Stamps issued in GBP have been issued Teil außerhalb Europas und sind mit Ausnahme Gibraltars Teil! May not currently be advanced, under the control of the government consists of an elected Council. Then, many territories around the world have been under the holding measures the... Includes three regions which were administered independently as part of bat was formed on March 3,,. Former members of the government appears to be closely correlated to the Mediterranian Sea represents the interests of territories... Kingdom in 2009 ( GIS ) from California state University handle domestic.! ] the Queen amidst the mass decolonization of the Mediterranean Sea all but two Governors former. Is convergence of laws, the UK exerts its formal control through a Governor of each territory been... 12 on the advice of the island of Great Britain ( England, Scotland, and british overseas territories list. 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