Led by Confederate Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley, southern troops invaded northern New Mexico Territory beginning in February, 1862 in an attempt to gain control of the Southwest, as well as the gold fields of Colorado and the ports of California. The New Mexico Campaign was a military operation of the Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War from February to April 1862 in which Confederate Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley invaded the northern New Mexico Territory in an attempt to gain control of the Southwest, including the gold fields of Colorado and the ports of California. The first capital was at Fort Whipple, followed by Prescott, in the northern Union-controlled area. After three Union enlisted men died and two officers and four other men were wounded, Lynde ordered a return to the fort. The first proposals for the Arizona Territory were not based on the current east-west scheme, but rather a north-south division. Protesters in New Mexico pulled down a Civil War-era obelisk in a demonstration where witnesses claim police left before the structure collapsed. Location: Santa Fe County and San Miguel County. Leading some 380 Union troops, he approached the town and demanded Baylor’s surrender. DiegoArchuleta(Gen)HstMilitOccNM.jpg 327 × 495; 100 KB. Following the Battle of Picacho Pass at Picacho Peak the lead detachment of Col. James H. Carleton's California Column, drove the Confederates out of Tucson, and advanced on the Mesilla the capital of Confederate Arizona and by July the Confederates had retreated to Texas. Governor Baylor approved the proceedings, and Delegate Granville H. Oury was sent off to Richmond, Virginia on October 1, 1861.[8]. This book corrects many misconceptions that may be useful to all interested in the Civil War in New Mexico. Battle of Glorieta Pass . On July 24, 1861, 250 troops of the 2nd Texas Mounted Rifles crossed the Rio Grande River into Mesilla, arriving to the cheers of the population. During this time, the residents of New Mexico Territory continuously c… Union troops re-captured the territory in early 1862, forcing the Confederates to retreat following the Battle of Glorieta Pass in March. In the agony of a nation at war with itself, the Confederate invasion of New Mexico Territory was a minor drama. Media in category "People of New Mexico in the American Civil War" The following 7 files are in this category, out of 7 total. This location may seem odd to you unless you’re familiar with the relationship of Texas and New Mexico. The southern part of the New Mexico Territory, which was the Gadsen Purchase, sided with the Confederacy, while the northern section was Union.New Mexico supplied 26 Union military units. Tag: New Mexico Civil War Book Review: Valverde. [18], Confederate Arizona Territory, which split off from New Mexico Territory in 1861, was the first U.S. incarnation of Arizona which would come into existence as Arizona Territory in 1863. The extremely ambitious plan was made more manageable by carrying minimal supplies, instead, capturing supplies at Union forts and depots along the Santa Fe Trail and living off the land. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The delegates elected Lewis Owings as provisional governor. That month he was replaced by Henry Connelly, a native of New Mexico who would serve as governor for the remainder of the war. No need to register, buy now! His strategy also included taking the northern Mexican states of Chihuahua, Sonora, and Lower California, either through purchase or by invasion. In pursuit on July 27th, the Confederates captured a number of straggling Union troops and soon overtook Lynde’s command, who had been reduced to only about 100 men as they crossed the dry Organ Mountains. The loss of this key communications link with the rest of the United States angered the settlers in the Arizona region, just as the deep South states were seceding from the Union. Confederate Arizona was created by capturing the southern tier of the Union's New Mexico Territory, while the boundary established in 1863 created an Arizona on the west separated from New Mexico on the east.[19]. [5], Early in war, the Confederacy regarded the territory as a valuable route for possible access to the Pacific Ocean, with the specific intention of capturing California. There are a total of (5) Civil War Events by State - New Mexico events in the CivilWarTimeline.net database. The Civil War in New Mexico. When the U.S. claimed the New Mexico Territory, after the Mexican-American War, the U.S. set up a string of forts across the Territory to protect travelers and settlers from Indian raids, and to keep an eye out for other possible uprisings. - D2B8Y6 aus der Alamy-Bibliothek mit Millionen von Stockfotos, Illustrationen und Vektorgrafiken in hoher Auflösung herunterladen. JosFChaves.jpg 3,127 × 3,742; 1.09 MB. 5 Old West Forts That Will Transport You Through New Mexico’s Past. The skirmish that followed, in which one Union cavalryman was wounded, was the westernmost engagement of the Civil War. As a result, a secession convention was held at Mesilla, New Mexico in March 1861, where citizens voted to join the Confederacy and formed militia companies to defend themselves. Carleton's troops later fought the Battle of Apache Pass after being ambushed by Cochise and Mangas Coloradas. New Mexico is part of of the Civil War story, as was Wilmer McClain. Sherod Hunter at the head of the Confederate Arizona Rangers, occupied southern Arizona during the spring of 1862. Courtesy of Robert M. Utley. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. However, the people of Arizona remained firm in their support of Baylor, and held another convention on August 28, 1861 in Tucson, ratifying Baylor's proclamation. Historians regard this campaign as the most ambitious Confederate attempt to establish control of the American Westand to open an additional theater in the w… As the main route to California, the New Mexico Territory was disputed territory during the American Civil War, resulting in settlers in the region carved out by the Gadsden Purchase willingly joining the Confederate States of America, while much of the rest of the present day state of New Mexico remained loyal to the Union. [12], At the start of the Civil War, the territorial governor was Abraham Rencher; although a Democrat from North Carolina, he refused to support secession, and called out the territorial militia to counteract the Confederate invasion of July 1861. He also planned to recruit new soldiers along the way, certain that there was much Confederate sentiment and cooperation in the sparsely defended deserts. This would allow the South access to the valuable gold fields in Colorado, as well as the shipping opportunities that were available via California. The Mexican-American War was one of the most significant events that pushed the nation closer to the brink of civil war. Gen. Gabriel René Paul.jpg 250 × 340; 19 KB. Brig. Both the Confederates and the Federal government attempted to control the Apaches. However, the Confederate forces lost precious supplies and several horses, forcing them to retreat. Hunter's frontiersmen spent most of their time expelling Union supporters and skirmishing with Federal troops, so the order was never enforced. The Arizona Organic Act passed the Senate in February 1863 without the Tucson-as-capital stipulation, and was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on February 24, the date of the official organization of the U.S. Arizona Territory. Additionally, making matters worse, on March 2 of 1861 the U.S. Government formally revoked a contract with the Butterfield Overland Stagecoach Company which was being used to support delivery of United States mail on the overland route which ran from San Antonio, Texas through El Paso, Texas, Mesilla, Tucson and on to California. Includes bibliography. New Mexico and the Civil War book. The Rebels dreamed of access to the Santa Fe Trail and the gold mines of California and Colorado. Union service records of soldiers who served in organizations from the Territory of New Mexico. The Tucson convention ratified the Mesilla convention, and provisional officers were elected for the newly established Provisional Confederate Territory of Arizona with Dr. Lewis Owings as its governor, and Granville H. Oury as its first delegate to the Confederate States Congress, who immediately began petitioning for admission. It is well written through solid research and supporting maps showing the consequences of the South would of won this little-known campaign for the control of the western United States. Your email address will not be published. [13], When Federal troops left Arizona early in 1861, the territory was left open to Apache attack. On August 1, Baylor issued a "The Proclamation to the People of the Territory of Arizona", taking possession of the territory for the Confederacy, with Mesilla as the capital and himself as the governor. (Last Privacy Policy Update July 2020), Byways & Historic Trails – Great Drives in America, Soldiers and Officers in American History, Alva Gould – Discoverer of the Famous Gould and Curry Mine, Honest Miner To a Poker-Playing Politician, Old Tom – A Typical Mining Camp Character, Canyons of the Ancients National Monument, Colorado. ", Exactly fifty years later, on the same date, Arizona was made a state in 1912. About six miles southeast of Mesilla sat the tiny post of Fort Fillmore. In February 1862, Sibley advanced northward from Fort Thorn up the valley of the Rio Grande, toward the territorial capital … He bore orders from Governor Baylor to lure the Apaches into Tucson for peace talks and exterminate the adults. Description. The Battle of Mesilla led to the official establishing of a Confederate Arizona Territory, which would consist of the southern portion of the New Mexico Territory and Arizona, and paved the way for the Confederate New Mexico Campaign the following year. With Union Troops gone from the southern part of New Mexico Territory as well as Texas, the 2nd Texas Mounted Rifles under Lieutenant Colonel John R. Baylor were sent to occupy the series of forts along the western Texas frontier, as well as advancing into New Mexico to attack the Union forts along the Rio Grande River. The proposals arose from concerns about the effectiveness of the territorial government in Santa Fe to administer the newly acquired south… The remaining Union troops in the New Mexico Territory were concentrated in forts along and near the Rio Grande; the commander of the Union Department of New Mexico, Colonel Edward R. S. Canby, started raising regiments of New Mexico volunteers and militia to replace the regular army units which were ordered east. In July 1861, a small Confederate force of Texans, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel John R. Baylor, captured Mesilla in the eastern part of the territory. In 1861 the Confederacy claimed the southern tract as its own Arizona Territory and waged the ambitious New Mexico Campaign in an attempt to control the American Southwest and open up access to Union California. Sibley then planned on focusing on areas farther west to attack mineral-rich Nevada and California. The rebels officially withdrew from Mesilla a few days later on June 7th. Lynde then ordered his cavalry and three companies of the Regiment of Mounted Rifles, to charge the Confederate forces. [16], As the main route to California, the New Mexico Territory was disputed territory during the American Civil War, resulting in settlers in the region carved out by the Gadsden Purchase willingly joining the Confederate States of America, while much of the rest of the present day state of New Mexico remained loyal to the Union. … Dieses Stockfoto: Civil War Reenactment Schlachten des Glorieta Pass und Apache Canyon In New Mexico. It opened up an additional theater in the American Civil War. Taking the offense, Lynde left a small force behind to guard the fort and marched on Mesilla on July 25th. Prior to the Civil War, residents in the southern part of New Mexico Territory had long complained that the territorial government in Santa Fe was too far away to properly address their concerns. For all purposes herein specified, and until otherwise decreed or provided, the Territory of Arizona shall comprise all that portion of New Mexico lying south of the thirty-fourth parallel of north latitude. I, John R. Baylor, lieutenant-colonel, commanding the Confederate Army in the Territory of Arizona, hereby take possession of said Territory in the name and behalf of the Confederate States of America. [11], The following month, in March 1862, the U.S. House of Representatives, now devoid of the southern delegates and controlled by Republicans, passed a bill to create the United States Arizona Territory using the north-south border of the 107th meridian. SHARE THIS In 1862, hoping to expand westward, the Confederate government and local secessionists sought to enforce their claim to the Confederate Arizona Territory, which included the southern halves of modern-day Arizona and New Mexico and overlapped the Union New Mexico Territory. After the expansion of the New Mexico Territory in 1853 by the Gadsden Purchase, proposals for a division of the territory and the organization of a separate Territory of Arizona in the southern half of the territory were advanced as early as 1856. However, the territorial government continued to operate out of Texas, and Confederate troops marched under the Arizona flag until the end of the war. Other Names: La Glorieta Pass. Diese Gegend war von Weißen nur wenig bevölkert und spielte im Krieg nur eine untergeordnete Rolle. The Wikipedia article, New Mexico in the American Civil War, has more … Read 3 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. A weekend-long gay dance blowout held at a beach resort on the West Coast of Mexico has created enough social-media controversy and in-fighting to be dubbed “gay civil war.” 70, 226–227; Josephy, p. 85. At sunset on July 26th, Baylor ordered his artillery and more cavalry to reinforce him, while the rest of his command moved into position to attack the fort the next day. Prior to the Civil War, residents in the southern part of New Mexico Territory had long complained that the territorial government in Santa Fe was too far away to properly address their concerns. The Battle of Mesilla resulted in a Confederate victory. In January 1857, the bill for the organization of the territory was introduced into the United States House of Representatives, but the proposal was defeated on the grounds that the population of the proposed territory was yet too small. On December 20, 1861, General Sibley, in command of the Army of New Mexico, issued a proclamation taking possession of New Mexico in the name of the Confederate States. The records include a jacket-envelope for each soldier, labeled with his name, his rank, and the unit in which he served. Their sense of abandonment was further confirmed at the beginning the Civil War, when regular troops were withdrawn from the area. Originally established to control the local Apache, the post had declined over the years, fallen into serious disrepair and its troops removed. Both Confederate and Union governments claimed jurisdiction and … Thin Air Books, 2017 ISBN: 9781534715974. 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